Typewriter for justifying lines



Nov. 15, 1949 c. w. NORTON TYPEWRITER FOR JUSTIFYING LINES 1o Shets-Sheet 1 Original Filed July 8, 1944 Nov. 15, 1949 c. w. NORTON TYPEWRITER FOR JUSTIFYING LINES 10 Sheets-Shet 2 Original Filed July 8, 1944 lave/7 for J (/mr/es h/ Nah-on Nov. 15, 1949 c. w. NORTON TYPEWRITER FOR JUSTIFYING LINES 1O Sheets-Sheet 3 Original Filed July 8, 1944 M MAW W m N M 5 M F a w/ Nov. 15, 1949 c. w. NORTON 2,487,890

TYPEWRITER FOR JUSTIFYING LINES Original Filed July 8, 1944 1o Sheets-Sheet 4 In van for Char/6s W Nor/0n W41 Kw H- M Gum M4 5 Nov. 15, 1949 c. w.- NORTON TYPEWRITER FOR JUSTIFYING LINES Original Filed July 8, 1944 10 Sheeds-Sheet 5 Char/c5 M Narfm Nov. 15, 1949 c. w. NORTON TYPEWRITER FOR JUSTIFYING LINES v 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 Original Filed July 8, 1944 H s m M N w J. s W P. /r a h 65W y llul Nov. 15, 1949 c. w. NORTON TYPEWRITER FOR JUSTIFYING LINES 1O Sheets-Sheet '7 Original Filed July 8, 1944 Char/e5 N/Varfon after/M40 5 Nov. 15, 1949 c. w. NORTON 2,487,890

' TYPEWRITER FOR JUSTIFYING LINES 7 Original Filed July 8. 1944 10 Sheets-Sheet a Inn en for Char/e5 kl. Norfoh" Nov. 15, 1949 c. w. NORTON 2,487,890

TYPEWRITER FOR JUSTIFYTNG LINES Original Filed July 8, 1944 10 Shets-Sheet 9 Char/ 5 W. Nor/an Nov. 15, 1949 cfw. NORTON TYPEWRITER FOR QTUSTIFYING LINES Original Filed July 8, 1944 10 Sheets-Sheet l0 Char/6 M A/arfon Patented Nov. 15, 1949 TYPEV/RITER FOR EUSTIFYING LINES Charles W. Norton, West Orange, N. J., assignor to Ralph C. Coxhead Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Original application July 8, 1944, Serial No. 543,981. Divided and this application June 26, 194.6, Serial No. 679,424

11 Claims.

1 This invention relates to typewriting machines and as illustrated is embodied in a machine known in the art as a Varityper, in which a supporting wheel carries interchangeable type shuttles, so that various styles and sizes of type may be used at will. This application is a division ,of my application, Serial No. 543,981, filed July 8,

1944, which has matured into Patent No. 2,405,- 974, issued August 20, 1946.

Machines according to this invention are capable of producing typed sheets in simulation of ordinary printed matter which may be used as make ready for reproduction by photolithographic or other printing processes, The printing type, however, must be given various conventional dimensions as to width, and it is desirable that difierent styles and sizes of type, such as occur in ordinary printed matter in the way of headings, emphasis and the like may be used. Means for attaining this result is disclosed in my Patent No. 2,298,805, issued October 13, 1942.

The invention disclosed herein is adapted for use in producing a typed sheet in characters of conventional dimensions differently spaced in many different fonts of type; to accomplish this result requires a novel coordination of the different mechanisms and devices which must be conjointly employed; and it provides mechanism whereby the carriage feed, normally advanced according to the varying width of the different characters, may be controlled for justification of the lines to uniform length.

The combination involves the utilization of a paper carriage of sufficient width to permit the use of a relatively wide sheet of paper. In typing, an uneven or unjustified line is written in a column on the left of the paper, and a justified line is then written in a column on the right, after the operation of a tabulator key. When approaching the end of an unjustified line, the carriage rings a bell, or establishes some other signal, after which the operator may type a few more characters before the ultimate limit is reached. This signal is similar to the margin signal of the ordinary typewriter. The operator, having finished writing the unjustified line, depresses a tabulator key which second column, *the machine automatically justifying this rewritten line so-that' it occupies a standard length. This result is'obtained by automatic action of theirnachine.

An object or the'invention is to'improvei and adaptjustifying mechanism to a platen carriage control which aifords advance of the carriage in accordance with the difierent widths of the typed characters.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism of the kind which is both simple and automatic so that it may be used by any typist without special training or skill in its operation.

Further objects and advantages will become apparent in the description of the invention, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings comprising a part of this specification and in which like parts are designated by like characters.

In the claims as well as in the description parts are identified by specific names for convenience, but such nomenclature is intended to be as generic in its application to analogous parts as the prior art will permit. The best form in which I have contemplated applying my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application, in which Fig. 1 is a plan view of one form of "machine embodying the present invention, and showing a paper strip ribbon feed.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a preferred form of typewriting machine with such parts omitted as are well-known in the art and may not be necessary to a complete understanding. of the present invention, and showing a fabric ribbon feed.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the indicator for positioning the carriage for the left-hand margin of unjustified and justified lines.

Fig. 5 is a detailed view of the escapement dog and a portion of the escapement wheel that is released when the tabulating key is depressed, and shows the detentdisengaged from the teeth of the escapement wheel.

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the principles of construction of the justification mechanism. 7

Fig. '7 is a perspective-view of the mechanism, with shaft I52 displaced whereby justification of the typewritten line is accomplished.

Fig. 8 is an elevational view of the j'ustification mechanism from the back of the machine.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing certain details of the justification mechanism with parts broken away.

Fig. 10 is a plan view illustrating details of mechanism for setting the jus'tification sine bar.

Fig. 11 is an elevational view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a detail view of a holding mechanism for the sine bar shown on line I2-I2 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view illustrating the sine bar holding mechanism taken on line I3-I3 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 14 is a detail view of the roller on the control bar.

Fig. 15 is a detail view of the sine bar and holding mechanism therefor.

Fig. 16 is a detail view of the pointer for showing the remaining unjustified line space.

Fig. 17 is an end elevation of the construction shown in Fig. 16.

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the tabulator key and connected mechanism in normal position.

Fig. 19 illustrates the stop on the operating bar which is releasable by the tabulating key preparatory to typing the justified line.

Fig. 20 is a perspective view from the front of line, showing the sine bar holding dog about to be latched in inoperative position.

The machine herewith illustrated and described is of the key controlled shuttle type, where the printin -impression is formed by the impact of a printing hammer which forces the paper against the ribbon and type. The particular machine with which the present embodiment of the invention is illustrated is known in the art as the Varityper. It comprises a main frame I which carries the mechanism of the machine. Type keys 2 (only a few being illustrated) are mounted on a pivot bar 4 (Fig. 3) supported by the main frame I. These type keys 2 at their front ends carry finger buttons and at the rear ends cooperate with the actuator bars 6 (one of which is shown in Fig. 3) to operate the actuators 1. These actuators 1 swing the shuttle arm 8 (Fig. 1) so that it oscillates the shuttle 9 on an anvil 9a to bring the proper type to the printing point. Stop rods it) are provided over each type key lever 2 to engage the shuttle arm 8, thereby definitely positioning the proper type at the printing point when a type key is operated. This mechanism is old in the art and will not be described in detail. See patent to Trego No. 1,880,592, October 4, 1932.

The universal bar I2 (Fig. 3) actuates the ribthe left under the influence of the carriage spring.

This mechanism is also old and well-known in the art and therefore will not be described in detail.

In typewriting machines in which the carriage feed advances a uniform distance for each letter, character or space, there is no problem involved in returning the carriage to a definite starting position for each line; but where the feed mechanism is adapted to modification of the carriage movement according to varying conventional widths of the characters employed it becomes important to make sure that each line starts in even vertical alignment.

The carriage I 6 is moved in letter space direction by a carriage spring which is mounted in a drum I9 (Fig. 2) that carries a band which is attached to the carriage, as is very well-known in the art. The drum I9 is provided with a bevel gear IBa which meshes with a bevel pinion I9b that is secured to the shaft 23a (Fig. 4) to rotate this shaft a when the drum I9 turns as the carriage is moved. The shaft 23a carries a pointer 23 that is mounted between friction discs 23d and 20c which are held in place by a nut 20 that is threaded on the shaft 23a. The construction is such that the pointer 21! may be set, as hereinafter explained, with reference to the dial 2%. The dial member carries a bezel 23g which has an index point 200. This bezel 23g is held in place by a friction ring 2071. by screws 201' that pass through the dial member, so that the bezel 269 may be set and held in set position for the purpose explained.

The machine is provided with shift keys 2| (Fig. 2) designated as Fig. which position certain characters for operation at the printing point, and with shift keys 22 designated as Cap which position capital letters at the printing point. This mechanism is also well-known in the art and is described in the patent to Spaloss No. 2,651,112, August 12, 1936.

In my application Serial No. 543,981, filed July 8, 1944, of which this application is a division, I have described in detail the mechanism by which diiierent space values corresponding to conventional widths of the various letters and characters as in ordinary printing are provided for b the carriage escapement; and while that feature is the occasion of a line justification problem met by this invention, its consideration and description is not necessary for an understanding of the justification mechanism to which this ap plication relates.

Line justification Reference will be had to Fig. 6 which illustrates diagrammatically the mechanism for accomplishing justification. The carriage I6 is movable ior letter space movement from left to right (as viewed from the rear of the machine), in the direction of the arrow :0. This carriage carries a pair of bell-cranks II1, comprising horizontal arms I22 connected by a control bar I24 and vertical arms II9 connected to an escapement rack 3|. The control bar I24 is provided with a roller I38 that travels upon track bar I25 in a direction parallel to the movement of the carriage IS.

The track bar I25 (Fig. 7) is slidably mounted for adjustment with one end extending through a slot in a right angle I26 of the notched bar I21 that is fixedly mounted by a suitable bracket I28 on the machine frame I. The other end of the track bar I25 is carried by a rivet I33 (Fig. '7) which extends from an adjustment sleeve I3I (Figs. 10 and 11) slidably mounted on the bar I21. The adjustment sleeve I3I is provided with a pointer I32 that cooperates with a scale IN. It is also provided with a suitable dog (not shown) which cooperates with the notched bar I21 to permit the track bar I25 to be set in adjusted positions relative to the scale I34 for the purpose of adjustment to the column width.

A sine bar I35 is pivoted at I36 to the sleeve I3I directly opposite to the pointer I32 so that the setting of the pointer I32 relative to the scale I34 indicates the position of the axis of the pivot I36 relative to the scale I34. An adjustment clamp sleeve I31 is mounted for slidable adjustment 1 on: the? control: ban 11 2 4;? and? carries aroller I38 (Figs; 1:0iand::11 1 which-rides; upon the: upper edge of the track I 25.. andithegsine bar I35. The adjustable-setting; of sleeve I31 011 thec'ontrol :bar I 24determines thei-position of the" left-hand; margin of the justifiedi column relative to the paper carriage; andfto'thisaend the clampsleeve I31 is; adjusted opposite to the pointer I SZ on the adjustment' sleeve -I t I as shown in-F-igs. lll' and ll.

' The sine=bar I35 -may be swung in' a vertical direction around the pivot I36 to variousdegrees of inclinati'on; It wil1Tbe=observed that as the roller' I38 travels down the'sinebar" I35;- when the carriage escapes from-left to right" (as-viewed from the back of the machine), the control bar IZ' I isg-raduaIly lowered, and as the controlba-r islowered thecarriage -is-advanced a slight incre ment inaddition to thenormal character space each time a character is typed 'or a space is 'pro vided between the words;

When an unjustified line isbeing'written the roller I38'is travelling onthe horizontal track bar I25. A signal is given when the endof a-writt'en line is being approached. The operator may-type a few-characters after the signal to-complete the unjustified line. When the signal-is given; an operating dog ILIIonthejustifying bar I42(Figs.

Band 7) has'engageda block I44 onthe operating bar I45- which isslidably mounted; on; the machine frame I. one-end of the operating-bar carries a rack HIS-which cooperatesflwith agear segment I I!v to-swing the" pointerI-ihl over-the indicatorscale I49 The other'end oftheoperatiing bar is connectedby a:,link I50.:with .a; crank arm I51 whichis fixedly mounted'onashaft I52 that is rotatably mounted in the 'machine frame I. The rear end of this shaft" I52'has an upwardly extending arm I 54 fixedly mounted thereon. The arm I54 is provided with a pin I55. (Figs. 7, 11 and which is adapted to contact with a pin I 56 on lock arm I58. Thus, as the carriage moves with the dog It! in contact with the block Ids (to write afew characters after the signal), the shaft I52 is rotated,iand actuatesthe, adjustment or setting mechanism which positionsthe sine bar so that such extension of the unjustified line will be made as will justify the line when it isrewritten.

It should be observed that the sinebarlock arm I58 isitself in some respects a new-v device necessary for the organization of'the present invention. The analogous elementof the invention c-li uniform'carriage spacing; but when the carriage I spacing is not uniform for each key stroke as. in thisinvention the sine bar. cannot attaincorrect justification by uniform steps, but mustbe. advanced at each key stroke a. distance proportionate to the carriage advance occasioned. by that stroke. To meet-that requiremenhand other necessities, the sine'bar lock is. of, sp'ecialdesign. This sine bar lock comprises. a. lock arm E53 rigidly-attachedto a sleeve. I59 rotatable upon the shaft I52 andthis sleeve carriesan arm I653 which is connected by a link I5I with a guide sleeve 552 through which the sine baris slidah'ly movable. When the adjustable sleeve I3I is moved. relative to the scale I34, this'guide sleeve I62 is held in; position on the sine bar I35 by an oscillating lin-lcIM (Figs; 11, 13 and 15) that is pivoted to a bracket I65 secured. to the main frame. Link I54 is also pivoted at its forward end at I 55 to theguide sleeve I62 By this con struction the oscillating link IM retains' th'e' g-uide sleeve-f. I622 im its proper: position; so: that when the link I 5 I attached tortherlinkd fi'iatathempper endi I Bil J thereof; is raised. orlowered... it; corree spondingly raises: on: lowers the sine bar.. The sine bar 'I 35? is providedaw-ith a vgroove-I 68:;in'which a guide-pin: I.68hris slidable-(Eigz the: purpose of which iiS'itO retain: the :guide sleeve: I fizaony'the sine bar? I 35.:

During the :typing: of the" unjustified? line; after thesignal bell rings, each stepr-b'y-step movement of?theeScapementirackof the carriage, through the conne'ctions described, raises the-freeendi' of the sine-basin thei=direction of thearrow J (Ei'g 6 The-limitofmovementof the sine bar'i's reache'd'when the sine 'barv becomes aligned with the track bar. I251 whichmeans that it takes that position when all the letters possible have been written'in'the unjustified' line. In other words; the -unjustified .line inrsuch case has reached the length Ofthestandard justified line, and-so no expansion thereof "is needed; When the sine' bar I35 has been raised-to this limit, arm I58 contactsstoppin' I 5 1 which prevents further: movement; Ordinarily; however; the unjustified line isless:-than the full'length, and as a result the sine bar more often i's lifted-3' less than the full limit of movement; but whatever. position=- it reaches it must be locked"in that position while the justified line is being written, and special mechanism is provided to; that endilt will be observedthatiadog I'M (Figs:- 6} l1 and pivoted on plate I I3 -(attached to main ii and serves to lock the arm I58' inthe an to which-it has been'moved; by the ect curved surface Ii la (Fig. 15) bearing agai st the cylindrical surface I58a on the end 01 E58 because of force of the spring 21H producing asertoftoggle-action when the latch finger 2052z=has heenreleasedffrom pin H5.- On

l thereturnmovement of arm I54, that arm con-'- tacts a roller 238 and, lifting it, disengages the dog I l d fr'omthe arm 5 582- Itwill also be'observed that the lifting of roller 2 I8 lowers pin I 5", on the oppositeendof dlog I14; and; that pin' H5 again becomes engaged by' latchingfinger 29551 on; pivoted dog ZQFSi tUbe hereafter described see-Figs: 1 l';1 I2 and 15);. The purpose of this is to permit-free movement of arm- I as except when necessary to lock the-:sine bar setting" preparatory to' rewritingthe-line for justificationi Dog I'M is biased toward contact with arm; 558 by the tension of spring 22"! (Figsll and 12).

' Since the lockingofthe-sine bar I in its adjusted positionis brought, about by the friction cam" surface" I'M-a, on the dog- I'M; engaging the friction cylindrical surfa,ce- I58a' on arm' I58. the swinging; movement of this arm I 53 may b'ev locked in any position within the scope of engagement of the; two surfaces I 58aand I'Ma. This con struction therefore permits ofinuch finer adjustmerits ofthe sine-bar I 35- than could he obtained by apawl and;ra;tchet lock; Sucha; friction lock is particularly desirable" where the machine is capahle ofso many letter spacingcontrolsas are provided'by the variable spacing mechanism;

It sometimes happens; that a short line oo"- curs as attheend-of, a paragraph, when the on erator'is writing in the unjustified column; Itis desirable that such short lines; shouldbe written with normal spacing in the justified column.

Since the short-lineis ccmpleted-before" the 'SiQ na'l bell rings; the sine bar I 35 4s standing in its in order to enable the operator to write the short line in' the justified column with normal spacing, the pointer I48 i provided with a finger knob 221 (Figs. 6, '1 and 16) whereby the operator may manually move the pointer I48 counterclockwise when viewed from the front of the machine. This positive movement of the pointer I48 moves the operating bar I45 (Fig. 7) to turn the shaft I52, and through the connected parts to cause the link IN to raise the sine bar I35 in exactly the same manner as if these movements were brought about automatically. If the operator moves the pointer I48 counterclockwise to the on the left of the indicator scale I49 the sine bar will be horizontal and will constitute a straight line continuation of the track bar I25, so that any typing in the justified column will be written with normal spacing; that is, with the same spacing that the line had when written in the unjustified column. When the carriage is returned to again permit typing in the unjustified column the parts act to restore the sine bar to its lowest position exactly the same as if the sine bar had been raised automatically by operation of the machine instead of having been raised positively by the operator.

Before typing is begun, it is necessary to set the machine for the work to be done. This requires determining the length of lines and the position of the columns on the paper carriage. Preferably the dog I4I (Figs. 6, '1 and 18) is set first, and this setting is preferably near the center of the scale on the rack bar I42. The dog I4I operates the bell signal (see U. S. Patent 1,963,158, June 19, 1934) and shortly thereafter contacts with the block I44 (Figs, 6 and '1). The setting of this dog I4I therefore indicates the right end of the unjustified full length line. The dog 2I6 is preferably set next in order. This dog 2I6 contacts with the block I44 on the return movement of the carriage and moves the operating bar I45 to its normal position where the carriage is stopped on its return movement. Thus the setting of the stop 2I6 determines the position of the left-hand margin of the unjustified lines. The distance on the scale on the rack bar I42 between stops MI and 2I6 is the measure of the length of the unjustified full length lines. The tabulator stop 203 (Figs. 11, 12 and 18) is set on the tabulator bar 2I3 several units beyond the setting of dog I4l on bar I42. The setting of the tabulator stop 203 determines the left margin of the column of justified lines. The adjustment sleeve I3I is now set relative to scale I34 as indicated in Fig. 10. The tabulator key H0 is operated and the carriage is stopped by the engagement of stop 203 with the dog 204 (dotted lines Fig. 12). While the carriage stands in this position, sleeve I31 (Figs. 10, 11 and 13) is adjusted on the control bar I24 so that indicator I43 (Fig. 13) on sleeve I31 is aligned with pointer I32 on adjustment sleeve I3I. The machine is now set for operation. It will be observed that the setting of the adjustment sleeve I3I is along the bar I21 that is fixedly mounted to extend parallel to the travel of the paper carriage I B. When the adjustment sleeve I3I is adjusted along the bar I21 the sine bar I35 is slid through the guide sleeve I62, and the initial angle of the sine bar I35 to carriage travel path is changed. This automatically corrects the justification increment for different lengths of lines; for example, if the justified line is two and one-half inches long and one unit is to be distributed throughout this line the setting of the adjustment sleeve I3I at 25 on scale I34 automatically distributes this one unit throughout the total length of the line. If the justified line is four inches long, and one unit is to be distributed, the setting of the adjustment sleeve I3I opposite the 40 on the scale I34 (assuming the other elements and stops are properly set) will set the sine bar I35 so that one unit will be distributed throughout the four inch justified line. Thus it will be seen that the basic inclination of the sine bar is automatically changed for each length of line by the setting of the sleeve I3I.

Having completed the typing of the unjustified line and thereby having obtained a proper adjustment of the sine bar, the operator depresses the tabulator key (Figs. 2 and 18). This key is pivoted in the main frame on the pivot block I90, so that when the key is depressed the back end of the lever is raised. A cross lever I9I is pivoted on a bracket I92, which is secured to the main frame, and bears upon the front arm of a bell crank lever I94. The front end of this bell crank lever carries a rod I which connects with the block I44 pivoted on a pivot screw I96 (Fig. 19) carried by the operator bar I45. This pivoted block I 44 is normally urged against a stop screw I96 by the spring I98. When the tabulator key is depressed the cross lever I9I operating on the forward arm I94 of the bell crank lever pulls down on the rod I95 and pulls the block I44 out of engagement with the operating dog I 4|. Also a cross lever 209 pulls down on a link 2| 0 connected to the swinging arm 205 and lifts the tabulating dog 204 pivoted on arm 205 into the path of stop 203. This results in moving latching finger 205a out of engagement with pin II5 on dog I14, permitting that member to drop into locking engagement with sine bar lock arm I58.

A rearwardly extending arm III (Fig. 18) is secured to sleeve I94a that carries the bell crank lever I94 so that when the cross lever I9I depresses the horizontal arm of the bell crank I94 it also rocks the sleeve I94a clockwise and lifts the rear end of the long arm III; this, in turn, lifts the front end of the stub lever I I I1), through the pin and slot connection I I I0. The stub lever raises the push rod I I Ia which raises the tail I I2 of the dog I05 (Fig. 5) and frees the escapement Wheel I-f from the dog I05.

The carriage is now free to move under the influence of the carriage drive and tabulates to the position where the stop 203 on the rack 2I3 engages the tabulating dog 204 (Figs. 12 and 18) The dog 204 may oscillate between the stops 20B and 201 (Fig. 12) which are mounted on the swinging arm 205, and is normally held in engagement with the stop 201 by the coil spring 208. The tabulating stop 293 has been set so that the carriage has moved the roller I33, carried by the control bar I24, to the position shown in Figs. 10 and 11, so that the carriage has moved to the position corresponding to the left-hand margin of the J'ustified column.

Assume, now, that the parts have reached the position shown in Fig. 6 and the unjustified line is completed. The operator pushes the tabulator key I I0 which, through rod I95, lowers the block I44 out of the path of the operating dog MI and, releasing the escapement wheel I) (Fig. 5), permits the carriage to move over to the center line Y, where the roller I38 on the control bar I24 rests on the end of the sine bar I35. At this point the dog I14 has been released from finger 205a and so locks the sine bar lock arm I58 stationary,

with the sine bar I35 locked in' the inclined position to which it has been raised.

There is a sequence of events that occurs when the tabulator key is operated. First, latch 255a is released from pin II to permit the lock WA to lock the lock arm i53 in position, thus locking the sine bar I35; second, block I44 is pulled down to permit free carriage travel; and third, escapement wheel I] is released to release the carriage for tabulating movement.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 7, which is a detail view looking from the back of the machine toward the front thereof, this Fig. '7 illustrates carriage frame I5 in which is slidably mounted a rod 2 I 2 that is provided with two rearwardly extending arms 2M which carry escapement rack 31 that is in engagement with a pinion 32 which is controll d by the escapement mechanism. The escapement rack 3 I therefore, is capable of sliding movement relative to the paper carriage frame, as well as movement with the paper carriage frame (see also Figs. 8 and 9).

Sine bar I35 is pivoted to the track bar I25 and forms a continuation thereof so that roller I38 on control bar I24 travels directly from the horizontal track bar I25 onto the sine bar I35. Each movement of the escapement rack 3! produces a corresponding movement of the carriage it; so long as the roller I38 remains on the horizontal track bar I25, which is throughout the writing of the unjustified line. As soon as the roller i2 8 reaches the. inclined sine bar i35, that is, at the beginning of the justified line, the control bar drops downward a small increment for each advance movement of the roller along the sine bar. This dropping down or lowering of the control bar H24 causes a turning of the bell cranks i ii and thereby causes a relative movement between the escapement rack BI and the carriage it, so that the advance of the carriage now becomes the advance produced by the escapement plus the increment produced by the rotation of the bell cranks ill; so that when the operator has finished rewriting the matter of the unjustified line, it now becomes a justified line and terminates evenly with the right of the justified column.

Before starting operations, the operator moves the carriage to the right, to the position of the left end (or margin) of the first line of rough copy. Then the pointer 20, which is frictionally mounted on shaft 20a, is set opposite to the mark Zld (Figs. 1, 2 and 4). On the return of the carriage to the left margin position to write a second or succeeding line, the operator observes the relation between the pointer 25 and the line Zld. If they coincide, the operator writes the second or succeeding line. If the pointer 28 and line 2 Id do not coincide due to the small increments of letter spacing, the operator either back spaces the carriage or operates the space bar until the pointer 20 and line 2I d are aligned. Then the rough second line may be written.

When the first rough line is completed the operator operates the tabulator and thus positions the carriage for the left margin, or start of the justified line. Before writing this first justified line, the operator turns the bezel 25g to bring the index point 290 into alignment with the end of pointer 20. Then the first justified line is written. Now when the second or any succeeding justified line is to be written the operator ob serves whether or not the index point 260 is aligned with the pointer 20. If not, the operator uses the back spacer or operates the space bar to make these two pointers come into alignment, and

10 when this occurs the justified line may be written. Without these indicators and proper corrections as explained, the margins would be irregular and the lines out-of vertical alignment at their ends. Figs. 7, 16- and 20 disclose an indicator I48 which is connected by a rack I46 and pinion I41 with the operating bar I 45. This indicator swings over the scale I49 when the sine bar I35 is being set during the writing of the unjustified line, and shows the operator how many letters may be Written after the warning bell (common in the art) has rung. In other words, it is the indicator for the right end of the unjustified line and shows the possible maximum limit of length of .the line that may be written.

machine) to begin writing a. new unjustified line. On this return, dog 2I6 on the bar I42 engages block I44 (Fig. 7) and moves the operating bar I45 with the carriage, andrack I45 cooperating with the gear segment I41 swings the pointer I48 to the starting position, as shown in full lines in Fig. 1 6. The movement ofthe operating bar to the left (Fig. 15) turns the shaft I52 counterclockwise and swings the .arm I54 to cause the, upper end thereof to engage a roller 2I8 on the holding dog I14. The upper end of the lever I54 cams roller 2I8 upward and disengages the dog I14 from the sine bar latch I58; and again latches pin II 5 beneath latch 205a.

The weight ofthe; pivoted sine bar now causesthe bar to drop to its lowest or most inclined position. As the bar drops it swings the arm I58 counterclockwise due to the downward pressure on the link IBI operating through the arm I60 and the sleeve I59. Thus the machine is ready for the next line- It is to be understood that while the invention is described herein as applicable to a typewriting machine-of the kind known as a. Varityper it iscapable of use in its broader aspects with typewriting machines of other kinds, and is not to be understood as limited in its scope other than as indicated inthe claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a justifying typewriting machine, in combination, a movable paper carriage, an escapement reckon said paper carriage, an escapement mechanism cooperating with said escapement rack for controlling the spacing movement of said paper carriage, justification mechanism for.

imparting movement to said carriage relative to said rack, means controlled by movement of said carriage for setting said justification mechanism, tabulator mechanism, and a friction lock rendered active by saidtabulator mechanism for locking said justification mechanism in any set position.

2 In a justifying typewriting machine, a movable paper carriage, an escapement rack on said paper carriage, an escapement mechanism for controlling the movement of said carriage, a track parallel with the line of movement of said carriage, a'sine bar, means for angularly positioning said sine bar relative to said track fric- When this happens, the

This moving of the indicator I48 raises 11 tional locking means to hold said sine'bar in adjusted position, a control bar movably mounted on said carriage, a follower carried by said control bar for movement along said track and said sine bar, connections between said control bar, said carriage and said rack whereby movement of said control bar relative to said carriage causes movement of said carriage relative to said rack for line justification, and means connected with said carriage operable on carriage return for releasing said sine bar from adjusted position.

3, In a justifying typewriting machine, a movable paper carriage, an escapement rack on said paper carriage, variable space escapement mechanism for controlling the movement of said carriage, a track parallel with the line of movement of said carriage, a sine bar, means for angularly positioning said sine bar relative to said track, locking means to hold said sine bar in adjusted position, said locking means comprising a pair of interengaging smooth friction surfaces, a control bar movably mounted on said carriage, a follower carried by said control bar for movement along said track and said sine bar, connections between said control bar, said carriage and said rack whereby movement of said control bar relative to said carriage causes movement of said carriage relative to said rack for line justification, and means connected with said carriage operable on carriage return for releasing said sine bar from adjusted position.

4. In a justifying typewriting machine, a movable paper carriage, an escapement rack on said paper carriage, variable space escapement mechanism for controlling the letter space movement of said carriage, a track parallel with the line of movement of said carriage, a sine bar, means operated by carriage movement for angularly positioning said sine bar relative to said track, means to lock said sine bar in adjusted position, said locking means comprising a pair of interengaging a smooth friction surfaces, a control bar movably mounted on said carriage, a follower carried by said control bar 'for movement along said track and said sine bar, connections between said control bar, said carriage and said rack whereby movement of said control bar relative to said carriage causes movement of said carriage relative to said rack for line justification, and means operated by said carriage on carriage return for releasing said locking means to enable said sine bar to return to normal position.

5. In a justifying typewriter machine, a movable paper carriage, an escapement rack on said,

carriage, a variable spacing mechanism operative to control the movement of said carriage for variable spacing, a sine bar positionable at a variable angle relative to the line of movement of said carriage, a positioning member for said sine bar, means actuated by said carriage upon approaching the end of an unjustified typed line for moving said positioning member in proportion to the further movement of said carriage, a friction lock for holding said positioning member in any position to which it may be moved, a control bar movably mounted on said carriage, a follower carried by said control bar for movement along said sine bar whereby the sine bar governs the movement of the control bar, connections between said control bar, said carriage and said rack whereby movement of said control bar relative to said carriage causes longitudinal movement of said carriage relative to said rack for line'justification, and means operable by return of said carriage for unlocking said position- 12 ing member whereby said sine bar is released from its adjusted position.

6. In a justifying typewriting machine, a movable paper carriage, a runway for said carriage, an escapement rack on said carriage, a variable spacing mechanism operative to control the movement of said carriage for variable spacing, a track parallel with the line of movement of said carriage, a sine bar pivotally connected to an end of said track and positionable at a variable angle relative to said track, said track and said sine bar being adjustable in a direction parallel to said carriage runway, a positioning member for said sine bar, means actuated by said carriage upon approaching the end of an unjustified typed line for moving said positioning member in proportion to the further movement of said carriage, a friction lock for holding said positioning member'in any posi tion to which it may be moved, a control bar movably mounted on said carriage, a follower carried by said control bar for movement along said track and said sine bar whereby the track and sine bar govern the movement of the control bar, connections between said control bar, said carriage and said rack whereby movement of said control bar relative to said carriage causes longitudinal movement of said carriage relative to said rack for line justification, and means operable by return of said carriage for unlocking said positioning member whereby said sine bar is released from its adjusted position.

'7. In a justifying typewriting machine, a

-; movable paper carriage, an escapement rack on dicator to indicate the justification required, a

friction lock for holding said positioning member in any position to which it may be moved, means to manually set said positioning member, a control bar movably mounted on said carriage,

' a follower carried by said control bar for movement along said sine bar whereby the sine bar governs the movement of the control bar, connections between said control bar, said carriage and said rack whereby movement of said control bar relative to said carriage causes longitudinal movement of said carriage relative to said rack for line justification, and means operable by return of said carriage for unlocking said positioning member whereby said sine bar is released from its adjusted position.

8. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a paper carriage, an escapement mechanism, a rack cooperating with said escapement mechanism, bell crank means pivoted on said carriage and operatively connected with said rack whereby rotative movement of said bell crank means causes a relative movement between said rack and said carriage, a sine bar adapted to control said bell crank means during a portion of the travel of said carriage, mechanism operated by said carriage to automatically set the inclination of said sine bar during a portion of the travel of said carriage, a member operatively connected to said sine bar, and means to irictionally engage said member to hold said 13 bar in set position while the movement of the carriage is under the control thereof.

9. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a paper carriage, an escapement mechanism, a rack cooperating with said escapement mechanism, bell crank means pivoted on said carriage and operatively connected with said rack Whereby rotative movement of said bell crank means causes a relative movement between said rack and said carriage, a sine bar adapted to control said bell crank means during a portion of the travel of said carriage, mechanism operated by said carriage to automatically set the inclination of said sine bar during a portion of the travel of said carriage, a member operatively connected to said sine bar and pivotally mounted for oscillation about an axis, said member having an arcuate surface concentric with said axis, and means to frictionally engage the arcuate surface of said member to hold said sine bar in set position While the movement of the carriage is under the control thereof.

10. In a justifying typewriting machine, in combination, a movable paper carriage, an escapement rack on said paper carriage, a diiferential letter-spacing escapement mechanism cooperating with the escapement rack for variably controlling the spacing movement of the paper carriage in accordance with the width of the character typed, J'ustification mechanism for 14 imparting movement to said carriage relative to said rack, means controlled by movement of said carriage for setting the justification mechanism, and a, friction lock for holding the justification mechanism in any set position.

11. In a justifying typevvriting machine, in combination, a movable paper carriage, an escap-ement rack on said paper carriage, a differential letter-spacing escapement mechanism cooperating With the escapement rack for variably controlling the spacing movement of the paper carriage in accordance with the width of the character typed, justification mechanism for imparting movement to said carriage relative to said rack, means controlled by movement of said carriage for setting the justification mechanism, and a friction lock operable from the typewriter keyboard for holding the justification mechanism in any set position.

CHARLES W. NORTON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name I Date 2,133,973 Colton Oct. 25, 1938 2,263,642 Norton Nov. 25, 1941 

